The national center on cultural competance surface observable what is most easily seen emotional level is low shallow culture unspoken rules emotional level is high deep culture unconscious rules emotional level is intense. Hall suggested that culture was similar to an iceberg. The ice beneath the surface includes the harder to understand parts of culture, for example, the customs, beliefs, and methods of communication. If wealth is viewed as an integral part of culture, there is no need to control for it when cultural variables and the relationships between them are measured. Cultural awareness and empathy manifested in social exchange e. There are other theories and conceptualizations of culture similar to the iceberg model of culture.
The most dangerous part of the iceberg is the 90% that is below the sea and cannot be seen. Like an iceberg, the visible part of culture is only a small part of a much larger whole. Iceberg concept of culture images and pdfs pbs learningmedia. These aspects of culture represent our way of life and are clearly visible.
However, it is the lower, the hidden part of the iceberg, that is the powerful foundation of these visible manifestations. The iceberg metaphor for culture helps us to notice what lies beneath. The journey toward cultural competence requires the willingness to learn from ones experiences and act. The products of a culture would be examples of things we can readily seethe surface culture while cultural practices and social perspectives the deep culturethat underlie the behavior of. Like an iceberg, what lies below the surface is the part that can cause the most problems. The session can be conducted without preparation on the part of the students should there be constraints of some kind. For people moving to live in ireland there is the unfamiliarity of the new culture, possibly a new language, a new climate, long distances from family. The problem with the cultural iceberg metaphor escape artist. Culture is a very complex topic, but there is at least one model to make this a lot easier to understand. It has some aspects that are visible and many others that can only be suspected, guessed, or learned as understanding of the culture grows.
Theres another copy of this same book that has a shorter waitlist. Organizational culture is like an iceberg, with most of its weight and bulk below the surface the iceberg of organizational culture change. The album has an uncharacteristically gritty sound, featuring some of the darkest tracks that icet ever released. This module will highlight kotters eight steps of change and introduce change management strategies that can be adopted by any organization. Visualising the iceberg model of culture one of my current roles in my school is to lead a group of staff who are interested in exploring the significance of interculturalism within our school community, and to explore ways of furthering intercultural education and sharing relevant best practice. Make the point that only about oneeighth of an iceberg is visible above the water. Meaning of the word culture and definitions of the. The conceptual models of how to think about the structure and functioning of. They can also be considered to be a force to be reasoned with. This article presents the au thors view of how culture shoum be defined and analyzed. Iceberg activity identity diversity group resources. Students work together to place the cultural concepts from day 1 into the iceberg based on the attitudesbeliefsactions of each character from the text. The core of the idea is that for each distinct culture, there are visible and invisible aspects.
Character iceberg start when finished with the story assign each partner pair a character from the story. Multimedia to visualise on screen an example of the iceberg theory brakes iceberg of cultural orientations, featured in katan 1999. The iceberg concept of culture sonoma county office of. The anger iceberg represents the idea that, although anger is displayed outwardly, other emotions may be hidden beneath the surface. Culture culture is a central component of crossculturally competent evaluations, yet rarely is it defined cultural iceberg pdf. Culture as is versus culture as it would be further to the previous point, schmitt. This workbook, culture matters, is a map to guide you through your cross cultural experience and also a way for you to record your thoughts and feelings as you live and work in your host country. If the culture of a society was the iceberg, hall reasoned, than there are some aspects visible, above the water, but there is a larger portion hidden beneath the.
These other feelingssuch as sadness, fear, or guiltmight cause a person to feel vulnerable, or they may not have the skills to manage them effectively. Overt and covert aspects of any culture behaviors words customs traditions beliefs values assumptions thought process surface culture. Image is also provided at the end of this document. In this lesson, well examine the iceberg model of culture and see what it can teach us. Just as ninetenths of the iceberg is out of sight and below the water line, so is ninetenths of culture out of conscious awareness. The idea of culture being like an iceberg is useful to further explore and understand the concept of culture. Edgar schein believed that culture is the most difficult organisational attribute to change and that it can outlast products, services, founders and leaders. Imagine a friend is facing a situation thats similar to one of your own anger triggers. Jul 12, 2017 firstly, lets take a closer look to the title, culture and iceberg. It works well as a group discussion piece, or as an activity where clients identify and circle their own hidden emotions. Try the following discussion questions to get started. Many people take a surface look at how culture influences them and expect to see the full iceberg. For example, schwartz suggests a distributive model of culture, where culture is not an integrated system or a mere aggregation of traits or behaviors, but a population of meanings. The majority of the iceberg is hidden beneath the surface.
The iceberg concept of culture like an iceberg, 90% of culture is below the surface. Operation iceberg, as it was known, saw the fiercest attack of kamikazes in the entire pacific theater of war. On the visible portion of the iceberg, write down an aspect of your treatment community that is problematic. The eurolog project was conceived as a european dialogue on antique cultures, and serves as an instrument to improve the understanding of foreign past and. This part of culture corresponds with the symbols, heroes and rituals in the onion cf. The iceberg above the water is visible, however, there is much more ice below the waters surface that goes unnoticed. The visible aspects are easily accessible to cultural outsiders. For many years the iceberg metaphor has permeated cultural studies. Visualising the iceberg model of culture opengecko.
Whether they draw a tree, cauldron, plate of food or a tapestry they are all valid as culture means different things to different people. The culture iceberg shows a small number of things visible above the surfacelanguage, food and clothing. Mar 06, 2011 an alternative version of the iceberg on a pdf file can be found here. Thus, the solution is a matter of subjective choice. The norms which are rules for behavior in specific situations and values which identify what should be judged as appropriate, good or bad are below the surface and drive the behaviors we can see. Two copies available for download if you want to skip the queue. Organizational culture is like an iceberg torben rick. Visiblespoken rules emotional response low shallow culture. Deep culture unspoken rules high emotional load deep culture is below the surface. Surface culture explicitly spoken differences low emotional load visible culture is above the surface.
The iceberg theory the iceberg theory suggests that just like an iceberg, culture is made of a visible and an invisible part edward t. Pdf for humans we implicitly assume that the way we do things is the product of social learning and thus cultural. These four jpegpdf images can be used in your classroom when discussing surface culture and deep culture. To help you better understand culture and decode certain behaviours, we give you a. If the culture of a society was the iceberg, hall reasoned, than there are some aspects visible, above the water, but there is a larger portion hidden beneath the surface. Iceberg metaphor is widely used in business to show the known or knowledge on top of the iceberg surface while the unknown is normally shown under. The iceberg concept of culture like an iceberg, the majority of culture is below the surface. Iceberg metaphor is widely used in business to show the known or knowledge on top of the iceberg surface while the unknown is normally shown under the sea deeper. Introduction to the iceberg theory the iceberg model of culture. On the visibte portion of the iceberg, wrile down an aspect.
Cultural competence is not achieved through words alone, but rather through knowledge and the application of that knowledge, an idea implied in asente proverb, good word do not food make. In an iceberg, only about 10% of the iceberg is visible above the waterline. Without an awareness of icebergs, we would not be aware of the full story. Culture as its described in dictionary1 definitions is the way of life, especially general customs and beliefs, of a particular group of people at a particular time.
The internal, or subconscious, part of culture is below the surface of a society and includes some beliefs and the values and thought patterns that underlie behavior. The multicultural iceberg jenny pearson this praxisnote draws on findings explored in more detail in a forthcoming publication of the same title to be published by vbnk 2005. Understanding the cultures of those we serve requires more than words and good intentions. From my perspective cultural iceberg considerations for intercultural communication language and culture. Iceberg powerpoint template is an awesome presentation design for microsoft powerpoint that you can use to represent a wide range of business models and management models for your presentations. This should spark discussion and some initial debate between students. Multicultural, cambodia, cambodian development organisations, diversity, trauma, crosscultural. Using the cultural onion analogy figures 3 and 4, the outer layer corresponds to the tip of the iceberg model. The underlying philosophy in 50 activities for diversity training is to train workshop participants to deal constructively with the changing workforce, and to do so in a nonthreatening environment.
Review of session agenda and objectives cultural competence, consonance, awareness, sensitivity and humility activity. To work toward cultural competence, we must look within and without for a deeper. He proposed that culture has two components and that only about 10% of culture external or surface culture is easily visible. This quiz and worksheet tests your understanding of the culture iceberg theory and model. In small groups, they research and explore different aspects of a culture they would like to know more about and find a cultural informant. Diagram adapted from hall 1976 cited in ogbuigwe 20 p41. The external, or conscious, part of culture is what we can see and is the tip of the iceberg and includes behaviors and some beliefs.
The norms which are rules for behavior in specific situations and values which identify what should be judged as appropriate, good or bad. Cultural iceberg very often cultures which are different to our own can seem unfamiliar. Cultural competence, consonance, awareness, sensitivity. To identify hidden cultural norms and assumptions of your treatrtent culture 1. Below are some links to sites that explain the concept further and in some cases offer a related activity. Have students categorize the cultural concepts from the board as either above or below surface by themselves. Culture folk culture folk culture cultural iceberg primarily in awareness surface culture adapted from gary weaver, in r. This hidden area underlies our behavior, influences our perceptions and is outside our immediate frame of reference until we plunge beneath the surface or perhaps like the titanic, encounter it unexpectedly. Iceberg model of culture pennsylvania state university. The iceberg concept of culture msd washington township. Arab culture through literature and film unit 1, lesson 3.
Halls cultural iceberg model in 1976, hall developed the iceberg analogy of culture. It is hard to include all aspects of culture in one definition. Like an iceberg, what lies below the surface is the part that can cause. Understanding the cultures of those we serve requires more. The visible manifestations of culture are just the tip of the iceberg. A small part of it, in fact only the peak, is above water. You can see the differences, but these differences are just the tip of what is really core to a cultural.
Nov 26, 2014 organizational culture is like an iceberg, with most of its weight and bulk below the surface the iceberg of organizational culture change. As a class, place each of the concepts into the classroom iceberg. The lost boys cultural identity answer key watch the three excerpts from god grew tired of us. Below the water line, on the invisible portion of the iceberg. Markers include music, dance, food, clothing, and language.
Scheins model looks at culture from the standpoint of the. A surfacelevel look alone doesnt allow us to see the depth and breadth of the full iceberg. Cultivating a culture of safety requires an organizational change strategy to be in place. It contains a variety of exercises, as well as stories and quotations from volunteers who have served before you, from experts on cross cultural training. The differences arent readily apparent, but it is the core of human perceptions and values that will drive behaviors and create the deepest cultural conflicts and misunderstandings. Culture as an iceberg the multicultural council of. Youll need to understand the similarities between culture and an iceberg. Chcdiv001 work with diverse people the culture iceberg. The culture lceberg viqtisle fpl,fttre policies, pracedurs,\ sym0ots, rituafs t 90% lnvisible culture fforms culture lceberg exercise goal. They read and discuss a handout, identify visible and invisible features, and read and discuss a peace corps volunteers experiences in mongolia.
Cultural awareness the iceberg theory of culture culture is multifaceted many people question what culture is. How culture is like an iceberg 910ths of it lie beneath the surface. The locus of control can be internal, that is a person believes that heshe has direct control over events, or external, that is, a person believes that factors. Curiosity and proactiveness in all forms of contact with other cultures e. To identify hidden cultural nonns and essurnptions of yaur treatnent cutture 1. Have students create a separate iceberg graphic organizer for the character. Culture as iceberg about this lesson this lesson provides students with a foundation for understanding and analyzing culture as well as a useful tool to do so, which will reappear throughout the curriculum. Students compare culture to an iceberg and identify features common to all cultures. The anger iceberg worksheet can be used in multiple ways. The outofawareness part of culture has been termed deepculture. Another pdf version here divides the aspects in to three parts doing, thinking and feeling an exercise asking you to identify where different cultural aspects might be located on the iceberg is here. An alternative version of the iceberg on a pdf file can be found here. It will also give students a chance to understand how different cultural concepts mean different things to different people. The pervasive set is that which is first noticeable.